Rising refractive errors among school children threaten education outcomes

The increasing incidence of refractive errors among school-going children in Uganda is becoming a significant public health and educational challenge.

Refractive errors—conditions that impair the eye’s ability to focus properly—are now widely impacting children’s academic performance, with experts warning that the problem could lead to a rise in school dropout rates.

Dr. Moses Kasadhakawo, a senior consultant ophthalmologist at Mulago National Referral Hospital, revealed that 11.6% of school-aged children in Uganda are currently affected by refractive errors.

In Northern and Southwestern Uganda, the situation is even more alarming, with up to 60% of the population suffering from this condition.

“Refractive errors are severely hindering children's ability to read, write, and fully engage in classroom activities,” Dr. Kasadhakawo said, highlighting the negative effect on their academic success.

He warned that without timely intervention, the situation could worsen, particularly in regions such as Kasese, leading to higher dropout rates.

The issue is most prominent among upper primary students and tends to worsen as children advance to secondary school. Kasese District Inspector of Schools, Mr. Herbert Kato, expressed concern over the growing number of students grappling with vision problems.

“We’re seeing more students facing difficulties with their eyesight, particularly as they move into higher grades. The impact on their education is clear,” Mr. Kato noted.

Dr. Viola Arunga, CEO of Arunga Eye Hospital, underscored the importance of public awareness. She pointed out that many individuals remain unaware of their vision problems until they become severe, making early intervention more challenging.

“We need immediate action to ensure early detection and treatment of refractive errors in children,” Dr. Arunga emphasized.

Efforts to address the issue are further complicated by cultural stigmas. In certain Ugandan communities, vision problems are often attributed to supernatural causes, preventing parents from seeking medical help for their children. Mr. Kato highlighted that these misconceptions are a significant barrier to accessing treatment.

In response to this growing concern, experts are calling for increased access to eye care services, early screening programs in schools, and public education campaigns to tackle stigma and raise awareness about refractive errors.

They believe that addressing this issue is vital to ensuring that children across Uganda can continue their education without being hindered by preventable vision problems.